Converter construction and control



Feb. 8, 1944. H. o. SCHJOLIN 2,341,163

CONVERTER CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROL Original Filed Aug. 20, 1938- s Sheets-Sheet 1 Snnentor Feb. 8, 1944. H. o. SCHJOLIN 2,341,163

CONVERTER CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROL Original Filed Aug. 20, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 3nventor I 9km 0614 011 Feb. 8, 1944. H. o. SCHJOLIN 2,341,163

CONVERTER CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROL Original Filed Aug. 20, 1938' 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Qnnegtor 2222s (9, Scfyolzzz Feb. 8, 1944. H. o. SCHJOLIN CONVERTER CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROL 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Aug. 20, 1938 Zhwentor jolz'zz (Ittomegs Feb. 8, 1944. H. o. SCHJOLIN 2,341,163

CONVERTER CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROL Original Filed Aug. 20, I958 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 .1 {Q R N 3m entc r R 49.50210!!! Patented Feb 8, 1944 CONVERTER CONSTRUCTION AND CONTROL Hans 0. Schiolin, Pontiac, Mich., assignor, by

mesne assignments, to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation of Delaware Befiled for abandoned application Serial No. 225,860, August 20, 1938. This application October 4, 1940, Serial No. 359,747

14 Claims.

The invention relates to motor vehicles, more particularly those in which is required a compact grouping of the driving mechanism for large vehicles such as passenger busses, trucks, and tractors.

The invention relates specifically to a form of semi-automatic control whereby the driver, through manipulation of a unitary element, controlling single operating means, may compel selective drive at either top ratio, or reduction drive. The invention relates thereunder to control devices in which the will of the vehicle operator in selecting ratio is expressed through the agency of fluid pressure servo means, and in particular to servo systems utilizing a single conduit to provide multiple operating characteristics.

The invention likewise relates to a. method of organization of the elements of a power plant and associated hydraulic driving mechanism whereby a minimum of points for leakage of hydraulic liquid is attained.

The invention also relates to grouping of power actuated ratio determining mechanisms commonly controlled from single means, afiording economy of parts and surety of control.

A further advantage of the invention lies in the demonstration of the method of controlling clutches used for selective ratio engagement, involving a. single loading member selectively operated for engaging one or another clutch means. In this demonstration I show a hydraulic torque converter providing infinitely variable drive in the lower speed ratios and control means therefor embodying interlinked mechanism for establishing converter drive or by-pass drive directing coupling the power to the load.

Additional advantages appear in the application of interlocking driver controls for the described forms of mechanism whereby prevention of wrong motion is achieved; wherein there is a simple coordination of foot and hand operated elements; and wherein the interlocking means control fluid pressure servomotors compelling change of drive between the converter and drive coupling means at the will of the operator.

The subject matter of the present invention is related to my copending application United States Serial Number 189,596, filed February 9, 1938, and maturing as Letters Patent U. S. No. 2,272,434 on February 10, 1942.

Further objects and advantages appear in the following detailed description given in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a. schematic view of an installation of the driving portion of my invention, applied to a motor bus chassis, with the power plant arranged transversely at the rear.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the power plant of Figure 1 taken in part section in the longitudinal plane.

Figure 3 shows the sectional detail of the mechanism at 3-3 of Figure 2, with the shifter means engaged for forward drive.

Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the direct drive clutch D of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the operator controls arranged to operate the shifter mechanisms of Figure 2.

Figure 5a is a sectional view of the operator control means for the servo and clutch devices of Figures 2 and 6.

Figure 6 is a modified form of the gearing and converter arrangement of Figure 2 in which the clutches C and D are of the same type, commonly operated and controlled. Figure 7 is a partial section elevation at '|--1 of Figure 6 of the operating mechanism for the clutches C and D" of Figure 6. The arrangement of Figure 6 embodies the sealing feature noted in the preamble.

Supplementary Figure 8 is a sectional view of the single operating cylinder of Figure 6 showing the method of obtaining positive neutral.

Referring particularly to Figure 1, the drive arrangment is shown as installed in the rear of a passenger bus with the primary power plant arranged transversely and the outputdrive in the foreand-aft plane of the vehicle connected by a. short jackshaft to the conventional differential gear and "axle drive to the rear wheels. The primary power plant comprises an engine A of suitable type, a clutch C, a clutch D, a turbine type torque converter T as a variable speed transmission, a gear assembly R, an overrunning device F, and an accessory drive mechanism E all mutually coaxial. Y

The propeller shaft 60 extends forwardly with respect to the vehicle, and downwardly, from a point intermediate the engine A and the torque converter unit T, driving a conventional differential gear G.

In Figure 2 the engine crankshaft is shown at I, mounted to rotate drive shaft 2 splined at 3 for slider 4, and splined at 5 for clutch hub 6 and flanged fitting 8 which drives the accessory units.

Sleeve 9 mounted on proper bearings surrounds shaft 2 and is attached to or integral with member I9 having internal ring of teeth II and external bevel teeth l2. Teeth I3 of slider 4 mesh with teeth II so that member III, when the jaw clutch thus described is engaged, will be driven at engine speed.

Output jackshaft 60 rotates n bearing 5| in casing 20 and is fixed to or integral with bevel gear I4 meshing with gear I2, transmitting the driving of sleeve 9 to the driving wheels of the vehicle as shown in Figure 1. Sleeve I5 concentric with sleeve 9 is mounted to rotate about shaft 2 and carries afiixed gear I6 and roller clutch member I8, the inner end terminating in turbine element 30, which is the output member of the torque converter unit T.

Roller clutch member 2| is externally splined at 22, the teeth 23 in splines 24 of sleeve 9 being aligned axially and radially therewith. Slider 25 is splined internally at 2|. When the teeth 2| are in mesh with the teeth 23 of the sleeve 9, the output member 2| of the roller clutch assembly F is released.

When slider 25 is moved to the left, or toward the engine, its teeth 26 also mesh with teeth 28 of gearbody 29 rotating in bearings in the casing 20. Teeth 21 of member 29 constantly mesh with reverse idler gear 32, which in turn meshes with gear I6. When slider 25 is in the right-hand position, the driver from sleeve I5 is carried by roller clutch member I8 and 2|, slider 25, teeth 23 and 2|, and sleeve 9. When it is in the left-hand position, the drive is through gears Iii-32, gearbody 29, slider 25, and sleeve 9, yielding reverse drive. Figure 3 shows slider 25 meshed with teeth 22, as when in forward drive the roller clutch F is made active.

Hub 6 and flange 60. upon which is formed support 39, delivers the power of the engine from shaft 2, so that presser plate 36 mounted on 39-6a may engage clutch driven disc 49 having facings 48. Hub 33 carries disc Hand is splined to hollow shaft 34 connected to or integral with the impeller 40 of the converter T.

Converter blades 50a and 50b shown in elevation in Figure 2 constitute reaction supporting means for the converter T, and may be attached to or integral with the casing 20.

The spinning of impeller 40 circulates the liquid contained in the converter compartment so as to impinge on the blades 3| a, and the blades 50 convert negative to positive force by causing rotation of blades 3|. Specialized forms of the blades and their distribution within the converter compartment are not involved in this invention. The net result is to apply rotational energy to the rotor 30 attached to sleeve I5, the force being delivered at variable speed ratios.

Such turbine devices are well known in the art, and are capable of providing multiplication of torque over predetermined speed range.

The three elements of the turbine device, impeller 40, the reaction member 50, and rotor 30, provide torque multiplication so as to impart infinitely variable speed from sleeve I5 to sleeve 34, which revolves at engine speed when clutch C is engaged. As previously described, the power is delivered to jackshaft 60. The infinitely variable speed ratios obtained through the converter T cover a predetermined zone of available ratios depending upon the load and speed ranges required for the service of the vehicle, and no invention is herewith claimed for the torque converter, the form of unit being well known.

With the engagement of clutch D the drive is transmitted from the engine to shaft 60 at the fixed ratio of gears |2 and I4, which may be 1-1 or some other ratio, depending upon the requirements for the drive. At this time clutch C is disengaged, whereupon sleeves 34 and I5 and both elements 40 and 30 of the converter may come to rest, the roller clutch F permitting sleeve 9 to overrun sleeve I5.

Figure 3 is a section of a portion of the roller clutch assembly F. The external-member 2| is toothed to mesh with slider 25 and the internal member I8 has ground one-way cam surface IBa. rollers 9 carried in cage I9a, serving to lock the drive for one direction of relative rotation and to release it for the other. Roller cage I9a is fixed to rotate with the inner member I8, and has limited lost motion with respect thereto.

Slider 25 in mid-position demeshes teeth 2| from the teeth 22 of member 2|. but is partially meshed with teeth 23. This permits the slider 25 to give full release of the roller clutch F when the controls are placed in reverse position.

Figure 4 describes the direct drive clutch D of the jaw clutch type. Shaft 2 is splined at 3 to engage mating teeth out on slider 4 which carries direct drive teeth I3. Member II), which is arranged to drive bevel gear I4, is extended and enlarged so that its internal ring of teeth II may mesh with teeth I3 of slider 4.

On a portion extending to the right of slider 4 are out two rings of teeth, 54 and 55. Teeth 54 carry balking ring 53 having limited rotational lost motion in its splining through the teeth 53a. Piece 53 is shaped to bear against collar 56 held on the inner portions of teeth I I. Spring 59 exerts constant tension between the slider 4 and the ring 53 so that when teeth I3 and II are disengaged there is always present a slight frictional force between elements 53 and 56.

The upper lip of member 53 is held by spacer 52 and lock ring 52a, preventing the backing off of ring 53 from contact with collar 56.

When the slider 4 is stressed for engagement of teeth I3I|, the force of spring 59 is augmented. The differential rotations of shafts 2 and I0 cause ring 53 to be biased rotationally in one direction or another constantly with respect to teeth 55, so that the mechanism tends to reject mesh, the stub ends of teeth 5311 blocking teeth 55 until synchronous speed is reached.

This blocking action occurs whenever the engine speed is greater or less than the speed of shaft I0. As soon as synchronism is reached, the biasing force between member 56 and ring 53 no longer exists; therefore teeth 55 may pass freely into the spaces of teeth 53a and complete mesh of teeth II and I3 then occurs without clashing. The particular form of constantly loaded synchronizer mechanism in combination with the control arrangement for picking up the drive in direct is believed novel and useful.

The operating mechanism for clutch D of Figure 2 consists of yoke 10 of gearbody 4 fixed to shaft II mounted to slide in bosses 12 of casing 20, the shaft collar I3 affording a seat for tension spring I4 arranged to load to a predetermined degree, the clutch D for engagement. Cross shaft 69 supported in the casing 20, carries arm 15 havin finger 'l5a adapted to bear against the enlarged end of fork I0 where it is fastened to shaft 'II. The pivot end 15b of lever arm 15 is joined to piston rod I6 of servomotor MI, the cylinder I30 of which is attached to the casing 20, and fed by air pipe I24. Biasing spring TI normally holds piston I48 and rod 16 in the position shown in Fig. 2, unless air pressure is admitted to the cylinder I30, whereupon lever I5 is rocked clockwise, the

finger 15a relieving the force of spring 11, so that the direct drive clutch loading spring 14 can initiate the action leading to direct drive clutching by teeth I3 and II. p

The operating mechanism of clutch C of Figure 2 consists of yoke 44a engaging bearing collar 44 which limits the movement of disc spring 42 for loading presser plate 36. Cross shaft 41 carries lever 46 engaging fork 44a, and pivoted to piston rod I45 of servomotor M-2. As will be described, the servo system is arranged to actuate both servomotors MI and M--2 from a common control means, for prevention of wrong motion, and for economy of parts.

Servomotor cylinder I25 mounted on casing 20, houses piston I52 attached to rod I45, biasing spring II being normally effective to load clutch C unless fluid pressure is admitted to cylinder I25 from branch pipe I23 connected to main air line I22.

As will be clearly understood from the following description, the fluid pressure main line I22 serves the dual purpose of establishing the loading force for direct drive while relieving the turbine clutch C. This simultaneous action shortens the shift interval and assures positive relief of reduction drive before the direct drive torque is established through clutch D.

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of the controls between the driver's compartment, located at the front end of the vehicle, and the power plant compartment, located at the rear end of the vehicle.

Conveniently placed to the hand of the operator is master shift control handle I00 pivoted in fitting I M attached to the dash. Shaft I02, supported in the fitting, terminates in arm I03 pivoted to clevis I04 attached to vertical rod I05. Below the main floor line bellcrank I06, pivoted to the vehicle frame, is attached to rod I05, the opposite arm being attached to longitudinal rod I01 so as to convert the reciprocal movement of the handlever into fore and aft movement of the rod I01.

The power plant, including the power transmitting arrangements, is shown in outline at the left-hand to the drawing, th contour being in accordance with the showing of Figure 1.

Projecting toward the eye of the observer is shaft IIO, likewise shown in Figure l, and to it is attached arm IIO outside the casing 20 pivoted to rod I09. Bellcrank I08, pivoted to the frame of the vehicle, transmits the movement of rod I01 to rod I09, so that the shifting movement of the handlever I00 is converted to rocking movement of arm 0' and shaft H0, which, as will be seen from Figure 1, may mesh slider 25 with the teeth 2I' of ring 2| for forward drive, and mesh teeth 26 with teeth 23 and gear 28 for reverse drive.

It will be observed that all shifts of the handlever |00 will occur at times when the engine is idling or rotating at low speed.

Air supply tank 200 is shown schematically in the figure, and is maintained with the customary pump X and automatic valve. The main pressure line I20 delivers constant air pressure to space I2I of valve casing 20I. the delivery line I22 of valve casing 20I passing toward the rear of the vehicle, where it is connected to two pipes I23 and I24 feeding servo cylinders I25 and I30.

The shift control pedal I35 is pivoted to the floorboards of the driver's compartment in an extension of the valve housing 20I as shown in Figure 5. The pedal shaft I36 has affixed cam I31 with notches I36 and I39 for two positions, the limiting portions of the inner part of the casing 20I compelling the pedal to occupy normally one of the two positions indicated. However, as will be described later, the pedal I35 may be pressed a slight distance downward beyond the position shown in Figure 5a for the purpose to be described in detail following.

In the most elevated position of the pedal I35, control over the transmission apparatus is required to establish direct drive, which will be described as position I. As the porting of the valve mechanism is so arranged with respect to pedal movement, both servo cylinders I25 and I 30 are supplied with air pressure from tank 200. The second normal position (II) of pedal I35 is for the purpose of connecting the torque converter unit by engaging clutch 36 and 49 of Figure 2, the valve mechanism in this position being closed so that neither of cylinders I25 and I30 obtain air pressure from tank 200, but are exhausted to atmosphere.

In position III of pedal I 35, the valve mechanism is permitted to deliver a momentary increase in air pressure to line I22 and to both of cylinders I25 and I30 for a purpose to be described later.

Valve member I26 is aflixed to roller I21 and may occupy a high position when the roller is in notch I38 of cam I31, and may occupy a lower position when the roller is in notch I39 of cam I31. These two positions correspond to torque converter and direct drive respectively. The boss I29 of valve I26 adjacent to roller I21 is fitted to bore I29 of casing 2M and the stem portion of the valve I26 slides within extension I3I of casing 20I. Valve member I26 is drilled out longitudinally at I32 and at I33. When the valve is pressed down, exhaust port I34 may no longer communicate with the passage I32, and dumb bell valve I42 closes off release of air by seating in I H Valve seat I is centrally ported to form a seal with the spherical face of dumbbell valve I42, the other end of which may likewise prevent air from passing through longitudinal passage I32 of valve member I26 to exhaust port I34. Conical spring I43 is seated under the head of dumbbell valve I42 so that the force of the spring may assist the air pressure from space I2I to seat the valve I42 against the valve seat I44. The inner end of the stem of valve member I26 carries spring seat I M pressed upward by spring I46, which normally exerts compression by resting against the inner face of the valve seat I44. In the position shown in Figure 5a, the roller I21 is seated in notch I38 of cam I31, and therefore servo pressure line I22 may drain through longitudinal passage I 32 in valve member I 26 to exhaust port I34.

The operator may depress his heel on the rearward portion of control pedal I35, raising the pedal to position I and causing roller I21 to occupy notch I39 so that the upper end of the dumbbell valve I42 tends to seal the longitudinal passage I 32 and the lower portion of the dumbbell valve is thrust downward and unseats from seat I44, permitting reservoir air pressure to pass through to the inner chamber I41, thence through servo line I22 and to cylinders I25 and I30 of Figure 2.

It is stated previously that in the third position a momentary increase of air pressure could be delivered to the cylinders by depressing the pedal to position III. Under these circumstances the right hand portion of cam I31 may compel a slight unseating of the dumbbell valve I42, the operators foot pressure being reacted against by both of springs I43 and I46.

The effect of this operation is to permit spring 11 to load the direct drive slider 4 of Figure 4 by the action of air pressure in cylinder I30. The friction drag element 53 shown in Figure 4 is being constantly loaded; therefore the balking action described preceding in this specification is exerted.

The momentary increase in air pressure has the effect of releasing the converter clutch 36 and 49 so that the turbine connected parts may cease to spin. The handlever I may then be moved to forward position, shifting the slider 2| to couple the external ring 2| of the roller clutch to the output connected shaft 9. This operation only requires half a second.

When the pedal I35 is relieved of the foot pressure, it springs back to position II, the air pressure being immediately cut off, the converter clutch C being re-engaged, and drive may proceed from here on through the torque converter unit T and through the roller clutch F to shafts 9 and 60.

-The operator may manipulate the ratio control pedal I35 at any time to move it between positions I and II, while driving forwardly, it being required, however, that a momentary release of the accelerator be made in order to relieve the driving torque on the teeth of the direct drive jaw clutch I3 and II so that the biasing force of springs 11, shown in Figure 2, may become effective to set up disengagement.

The valve control in position II relieves the air pressure which otherwise is exerted in holding the converter clutch C disengaged, and the biasing spring I 5I located in cylinder I25 may shift the disc spring collar 44 to the right, as shown in Figure 2, to apply the drive of the engine to the torque converter T, which may now be brought up to operating speed and begin to deliver torque through the roller clutch F to the output or load shaft when the driving parts come up to the speed of the output shaft.

When the'vehicle speed or road conditions permit, the driver may simultaneously release the engine accelerator pedal and rock the ratio control pedal I35 with the heel to position I, which opens the valving I42 so as to admit compressed air to both cylinders I25'and I30. This releases the converter clutch C and loads the jaw clutch D for direct drive.

Since the engine under these circumstances is decelerated, the engine connected shaft 2 and the jaw clutch member II are approaching synchronism so that the slider 4 being preloaded by the air pressure, may move on through to complete mesh of teeth I3 and II when the balking action of the friction element 53 ceases. This occurs when reversal of relative motion takes place. It should be observed that the operator may continue to drive at will in direct without freewheeling, and with the turbine connected parts at rest.

The control actions for reverse drive are the same as for starting and forward except for the direction of the movement of the handlever I I and the connected parts. More specifically, the utilization of the third position of servo control pedal I35 for administering a momentary increase of air pressure to cylinders I and I30, is used, so that the shift to reverse gear is as silent as the shift to forward running through the converter T.

Figure 6 shows a modification of the construction of Figure 2 in which the engine connected shaft I is joined to output jackshaft 60 by direct drive clutch D' of the friction type, and in which clutches C and D are grouped together at the engine end of the transmission casing 20. This permits the converter unit T to be installed in a sealed housing, greatly simplifying the problem of enclosing a converter compartment against leakage.

Engine connected shaft I and flywheel Ia support presser plates I6! and I62. Transmission shaft 2 carries splined hub I63 and clutch disc I64 having facings I64a. Rotating on shaft 2 is hollow shaft 9 carrying splined clutch hub I65 attached to clutch disc I66 having facings I 66a. Shaft 9 may drive bevel gear 12 meshed with bevel gear I4 attached to shaft 60 either through clutch D, directly driven by the engine, or through clutch C through the torque converter T. Clutch control mechanism is arranged to provide alternate gripping of either of clutch discs I64 or I66 to either of shafts 2 or 9 respectively.

Fittings I61a bolted to the flywheel at I610 are arranged to restrain the external edges of compound disc spring I10, the inner edges of which may be shifted to the right or to the left by a movement of bearing Ill and sleeve I12 longitudinally through eccentric yoke I 13 moved from outside the gearbox. The fulcrum action occurs through studs I16 and members I61a.

Presser plate I62 carries studs I15 passing through apertures I16 in disc I10, the studs carrying fulcrum ring I11. A fulcrum portion I62a of presser plate I62 affords bearing opposite the fulcrum point of ring I11.

When the yoke I13 slides the bearing member "I to the left, the spring disc I10 exerts a pull on plate I6I through studs I61 against presser plate I62, clamping clutch disc I66 for rotation with the flywheel Ia. This operation establishes direct drive while allowing the torque converter to idle.

When the yoke I13 and collar I12 are shifted to the right, the fulcrum at I11 and I62a reverses the force of studs I61 and force is transmitted through fittings I61a to clamp clutch disc I64 between flywheel Ia. and presser plate I6I. This action disengages clutch D and couples clutch disc I64, establishing turbine drive between the engine shaft I and hollow shaft 9. It will be seen that this clutching arrangement is operable in the same manner as that of Figure 2, a simple rocking means for shift lever I8I attached to eccentric I being the only requirement.

It should be noted that the disc spring assembly and operating mechanism rotate with flywheel Ia, and that the longitudinal motion is applied through yoke I 13 and through bearing In attached to collar I12. 'As will be described, the placing of the eccentric I80 in a mid-position disengages both clutches C and D'.

The lever I8I attached to eccentric shaft I80, outside the gearbox, is arranged to occupy three control positions, establishing converter, direct drive or neutral according to the setting of the mechanism of Figure 8.

It will be noted that in the arrangement of Figures 6 and 7, only one servo cylinder assembly 18 needed to perform the work of shifting drive between clutch C and clutch D.

Lever I8I is pivoted to 16b, the piston mounted on the piston rod 16a at yoke I46 sliding in cylinder I30a casing 20. Biaslng spring 11a normally loads piston H811 to the end of the cylinder farthest from the eye of the observer in Figure 6. At the far end, pipe fitting I22b opens into the cylinder I30a at I22c, and is joined to pipe I22a, connected to the valve control arrangement of Figures and 5a in place of pipe I22. The single cylinder arrangement provides a useful saving in parts and in sureness of operation.

When fluid pressure is admitted to pipe I22a from the valve control of Figure 5a, the clutch D' is loaded and the clutch C unloaded. When it is relieved by the valve I26 and I42, Spring 'IIa shifts the piston I48a to the far end of the cylinder I30a, causing the leverage system of Figures 6 and 7 to unload clutch D and to load clutch C for driving through the converter T.

In Figure 8, a supplementary pipe I341) is shown, connected to a relief valve 2I0 operated by lever 2H and by rod I09 of Figure 5, so that when the hand lever Hill is placed in neutral position, the air pressure fed to pipe I220. by valves I26 and I42 is blown 01f at the mid position of piston M811. in cylinder I3lla. This establishes a balance between the force of spring IIa and the air pressure in cylinder I300. such that the clutch operating lever I8I and connected parts are positioned for unloading both clutches C and D. This provision of a positive neutral control is not absolutely necessary for idling with no-drive, since the engagement of clutch C, while spinning the converter impeller 40, does not, at ordinary engine idling speeds, furnish sufficient torque to apply other than a small drag component, which, when the vehicle brakes are lightly.

applied, cannot cause the vehicle to creep forward, even if the gearing be connected for forward or reverse drive.

The above described system has the following advantages:

a. The driver need not use his hands for shifting ratio, except for initiating drive, and for shifting to reverse. He need only use the master shifter pedaland the regular accelerator and brake pedals. The elimination of the clutch pedal is of utility.

b. The removal of the customary controls clears the space about the driver, who, in a bus, may have to make change and operate the bus door.

0. The range of speed at which the shifting action is required is governed entirely by the judgment of the driver, based on his schedule, the bus load and the driving conditions.

d. Synchronization of the direct drive jaw clutch occurs easily under all operating conditions, because of the preloading and control arrangement described.

e. The drive of the engine is automatically released at idling of the engine, and it is difficult to stall the engine since the torque characteristic of the converter diminishes at engine stalling speeds.

f. The driver does not have to set the hand lever in neutral with each vehicle stop, and can pick up drive in low by a mere rocking of the master control pedal.

The invention is described in specific form in the present embodiment, and it is to be understood that this is purely explanatory and not to be taken in any limiting sense, since various changes in the parts, construction and operation may be effected without departure from the full intent and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.

verter, a clutch adapted to join said shafts at synchronous speed only, biasing means for loading said clutch, a servo device normally adapted to oppose the action of said biasing means, including fluid pressure actuated means arranged to overcome the opposition of said device for permitting said biasing means to load said clutch, a second clutch adapted to connect said shafts through said torque converter, fluid pressure actuated means arranged to shift said second clutch into and out of engagement, and a manually operated control valve connected to both said means effective to establish loading of said first named clutch while disengaging said second clutch, and effective to engage said second clutch while unloading said first named clutch.

2. In power operated control devices for motor vehicles, an engine, a driving mechanism comprising a fluid torque converter arranged to drive a load shaft, clutching means adapted to connect said engine directly with said load shaft or to connect the engine and load shaft indirectly through the said torque converter, fluid pressure means supplied from a stored energy source operative to alternate the actuation of said clutching means, a valve adapted to direct the fluid pressure of said source to said fluid pressure means, and a manual control connected to said valv movable into alternative positions wherein said engine drives said load shaft directly through said clutching means, or indirectly through said clutching means and said fiuid torque converter.

3. In vehicle controls, an engine, a load shaft, a fluid turbine torque converter adapted to couple said engine and said shaft, a clutch arranged to couple said engine and load shaft directly, a servo motor for actuating said clutch, a second clutch arranged to connect said torque converter to said engine, a servo motor for actuating said second clutch, fluid pressure means effective to operate said servo motors controlled by a single valve, 2. common fluid pressure pipe joining said means with said servo motors, and a manual control for said valve movable into one of two positions compelling actuation of the first of said clutches by the first named servo motor while the second of said clutches is disengaged, and compelling actuation of the second of said clutches by the second said servo motor while the first named clutch is disengaged.

4. In controls for power operated gearing, a power shaft and a load shaft, a first clutch including meshing jaw members and adapted to couple said shafts at synchronous speed only, a second clutch adapted to couple said shafts through torque conversion means, servo motors for actuation of said clutches, a fluid pressure main, and a valve arranged to control the flow of fluid pressure from said main to said servo motors, movable to one position for actuation of the pistons of said motors, to a second position for relief of pressure from said motors, and to a third position in which a temporary surge of fluid pressure is delivered to one of said motors for facilitating meshing engagement of the first of said clutches.

5. In combination, an engine connected to a power shaft, a load shaft, a variable speed transmission comprising a fluid torque converter adapted to transmit drive between the shafts, clutching means for connecting said transmission to drive therebetween, further clutching means for connecting said shafts directly when said first named means is disconnected, fluid servo motor devices for operating both said means, a control mechanism for selecting the operation of said devices upon said means including a valve, and a manually operable pedal controlling said valve effective to cause the change of drive from either of said means to the other of said means at the will of the operator.

6. In motor vehicle drives, in combination, a power shaft, a load shaft, a variable speed transmission coupling said shafts comprising a reduction speed hydraulic turbine unit adapted to yield infinitely variable speeds between the shafts, direct drive coupling means adapted to yield forward speed drive only between said shafts, alternately operated controls effective to establish the couple of said unit or said means, power means for actuating said controls, a member controlling said power means, and a single manual means arranged to operate said member whereby said power means establishes reduction speed ratios or direct drive ratio between said shafts at the will of the operator.

7. In the combination of claim 6, a cam embodied in the manual means for positioning the member controlling said power means, with predetermined movement of said manual means.

8. In the combination of claim 6, fluid pressure actuating devices in said power means, and a valve moved by said member and made operative by movement of said manual means.

9. In motor vehicle drives, in combination, driving and driven members, a direct drive between said members including a friction clutch with disengageable rotary elements, a reduction speed drive for establishing driving connection between said members and including a fluid torque converter unit driving through a one-way clutch, and a unitary mastering control for both said drives effective upon predetermined operator movement, to alternate the drive between direct through said friction clutch, and reduction speed ratio through said unit and said one-way clutch.

10. In motor vehicle'controls, in combination, a variable speed transmission coupling said shafts embodying a direct driving clutch and a reduction speed ratio driving clutch, a clutch shifter means adapted to alternate the drive of said clutches, a common actuator for said clutches including a single disc-like spring operated by said shifter means, control means for said actuator normally biased to engage one clutch while holding the other disengaged, and manually operable means to set aside said biasing of one clutch while engaging the other clutch.

11. In the combination of claim 2, alternately operable friction clutches included in said clutching means, actuated by said fluid pressure means and controlled by said valve and said manual control.

12. In the combination of claim 2, friction clutch members in both said clutches, arranged to be alternately actuated by a single actuator mechanism and loaded during engagement by a single loading means.

13. In the combination of claim 2, porting of said valve with respect to the said source and the said actuation means, effective when said valve is moved to one position to cause engagement of one of said clutches with release of the other of said clutches, and movable to another position to cause disengagement of the firstnamed of said clutches and engagement of the other of said clutches.

14. In the combination of claim 2, additional coupling means located in the path of torque between the said torque converter and the said load shaft and a control for said additional coupling means adapted to coact with the said manual control for said valve, such that the coupling means control is permitted to act only when the valve control is placed in a predetermined position.

HANS O. SCHJOLIN. 

